The Role of Base Stations in RTK — Fixed, Portable, or VRS?
RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) is a powerful GNSS positioning method that provides centimeter-level accuracy. But for RTK to work, a base station is essential. This post breaks down the three main types of RTK base station setups — Fixed Base, Portable Base, and VRS (Virtual Reference Station) — so you can choose the right one for your surveying needs.
📡 What Is a Base Station in RTK?
A base station is a GNSS receiver placed at a known location. It calculates the difference between its known position and the satellite signals, then sends correction data to the rover in real time.
The base and rover must observe the same satellites simultaneously. This setup enables RTK correction — greatly improving the accuracy of the rover’s position.
🏗️ 1. Fixed Base Stations
- 🔧 Installed at a permanent, surveyed location
- 📶 Sends corrections via radio or internet
- 📍 Ideal for local surveying firms or large construction projects
Pros:
- Always ready — just turn on the rover
- Reliable if you work in the same area daily
Cons:
- Costly to install and maintain
- Requires radio frequency licensing in some countries
🎒 2. Portable Base Stations
- ⚙️ Set up on-site before every survey
- 🔋 Powered by battery or external power source
- 📡 Used with internal radios or NTRIP over mobile hotspot
Pros:
- Highly flexible — great for remote jobs
- Useful when VRS isn’t available or too expensive
Cons:
- Time needed to set up and check coordinates each time
- Dependent on weather and terrain conditions
🌐 3. VRS (Virtual Reference Station)
- 🛰️ Cloud-based base station service
- 🌍 Uses multiple permanent stations to create a virtual base close to your rover
- 📱 Requires internet SIM or mobile hotspot to receive corrections
Pros:
- No need to carry or set up a base
- Quick startup — just connect and survey
Cons:
- Requires stable internet connection
- Subscription fees may apply
📊 Comparison Table
| Type | Setup Time | Portability | Ideal For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Base | Very Low | None | Frequent use in same location |
| Portable Base | Moderate | High | Field work in remote areas |
| VRS | Very Low | Maximum | Urban or internet-covered zones |
✅ Conclusion: Which One Should You Use?
Choosing the right base station setup depends on your work style, location, and budget:
- 🏠 Use a fixed base if you always work in the same place.
- ⛰️ Choose a portable base for flexibility in field jobs.
- 🌐 Subscribe to VRS if you’re working in urban areas with internet access.
Still unsure? Chat with our GNSS expert — we’ll recommend the right RTK workflow for you.
Next article: “How to Set Up Your Own RTK Base Station — Step by Step”